Effects of a Soluble Dietary Fiber Supplementation with NUTRIOSE® on Weight Management

Authors

• C. Lefranc Millot - Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France
• L. Guérin-Deremaux - Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France
• D. Wils - Roquette, Lestrem, France
• M. Pochat - Roquette, Lestrem, France
• S. LI, Institute of Nutrition, Health and Food, Tongji University Medical College, Shanghai, China 

Introduction

• Overweight and obesity are a growing health concern all over the world. In China, the prevalence of overweight in adult population is estimated at 23% based on WHO (World Health Organization) classification of Body Mass Index (BMI)(1). According to the cut-off points recommended by The Working Group on Obesity in China(2) (WGOC: 24 ≤ BMI for overweight ≤ 28; BMI for obesity > 28), this prevalence is of 34%. According to a recent study(1), these cut-off values are positively associated with increased prevalence of a cluster of risk factors related to the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia in adults. 
• In a preventive approach, dietary factors, including fiber supplementation, are to be considered as modifiable risk factors. NUTRIOSE® soluble fiber is a resistant food dextrin with high fiber content (85% on dry substance) that exhibits high digestive tolerance both in short(3) and long-term uses(4), induces prebiotic effects(5)(6) and may help controlling calorie intake(7).
• In this study, we investigated the effects of a medium-term consumption of NUTRIOSE® on some characteristics specifically linked to an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrom in male volunteers.

Material and Methods

Sybjects:

• 120 healthy Chinese male volunteers (20-35 y)
• Overweighed at the start of the study (baseline) according to WGOC(2)

Design:

• 12-week double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 2 groups of 60 randomized in parallel 
• comparisons between both groups, at baseline and throughout the study

Methodology:

• Consumption at the same moment, twice daily (10:00 am and 4:00 pm) of 250 ml fruit juice (similar taste and color in both groups) containing:

◆ NUTRIOSE® group: 17 g NUTRIOSE® (= 34 g/day), equivalent of 14 g (26.4 g/day) dietary fiber

◆ PLACEBO group: 17 g (= 34 g/day) standard maltodextrin

• Comparisons of parameters within and between groups at baseline and at weeks 4, 8 and 12:

◆ Anthropometric measurements:

• body weight (BW in kg) 
• body mass index (BMI in kg/m2 ) 
• percentages of body fat (% BF) (bio-electrical impedance analysis or impedancemetry) 
• waist circumference (WC) measured in cm (values taken twice).

◆ Hunger feeling and dietary intakes: 

• Hunger feeling (HF) by questionnaires 
• Energy Intake in kcal/day by Food Frequency Questionnaire (24-hour recall) and/or food record of dietary intakes

Results:

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

• The placebo group remained fairly stable throughout the study.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, volunteers had significant weight loss from one month to the other starting from week 4 (p<0.0001).
• The difference between groups, not significant at baseline, was significant at weeks 4 (p=0.01), 8 (p<0.001) and 12 (p<0.001) when adjusted to disparities.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, 66.1% (n=37) of participants who completed the study lost weight (2.3 kg on average) for only 16.4% (n=9) in the PLACEBO group (0.4 kg on average).

• The PLACEBO group had a relatively stable BMI throughout the study.
• Within the NUTRIOSE® group, volunteers had a significant BMI’s reduction from one month to the other starting from week 4 (p<0.001), indicating a continued and additional effect of NUTRIOSE®.
• The difference between groups, even not significant at baseline, became significant at weeks 4 (p=0.02), 8 (p=0.01) and 12 (p=0.045).
• Among the 66.1% of the NUTRIOSE® group who lost weight, all also lost an average of 0.75 BMI, attaining an average of 23.8 at the end of the trial.

• The PLACEBO group had a relatively stable average WC throughout the study.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, volunteers had a noted decrease in WC as compared to baseline mainly observed at weeks 8 and 12 (about 0.2 cm, p< 0.05).
• Nevertheless, the WC difference between groups was never significant.

• There was no change within the PLACEBO group.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, the %BF was significantly reduced at weeks 4, 8 and 12 as compared to baseline (p<0.001) and at week 8 as compared to week 4 (p<0.0001).
• This decrease was leveled off at week 12 but sustained as compared to week 4 (p<0.05) and baseline (p< 0.005).
• % BF, not different between groups at baseline, differed significantly at weeks 8 (p=0.02) and 12 (p=0.045).
• Only 5 participants in the PLACEBO group lost on average 0.5% BF while 36 participants in the NUTRIOSE® group lost the same.
  
   

QUESTIONNAIRES

• In the PLACEBO group, 70% of the participants declared they were hungry at baseline versus 98 % at the end of the trial.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, 68% of the participants reported they were hungry at baseline for only 20% at the end the study.
• The differences between groups, even not significant at baseline, were significant at weeks 4 (p<0.01), 8 (p<0.01) and 12 (p<0.01)
  
   

 

• In the PLACEBO group, during the first study period (weeks 0 to 4), caloric intake slightly decreased (max reduction 7.5%) before going up again.
• In the NUTRIOSE® group, a sharp decrease in caloric intake was observed during the first week (24.4%) and this reduction was maintained over the weeks (max at day 18, p<0.001 on average) until the end of the study.
• There was no difference between groups at baseline, but the maximum difference during this first period between groups reached its maximum at week 4 (p = 0.001) and was still significant at weeks 8 (p = 0.001) and 12 (p = 0.002).
• A growing difference (decrease) in caloric intake was only seen for the NUTRIOSE® group that exhibited a reduction of about 22% vs. 1.6% for the PLACEBO group at the end of the study.

• Significant decreases in BW (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), BF (p<0.001) and HF (p<0.001), associated with a decreased caloric intake (p<0. 001) were observed throughout the study in the NUTRIOSE® group, as well as a final significant reduction in WC (p<0.001), while no changes were observed in the placebo group.
• NUTRIOSE® supplementation greatly decreased HF over the trial.
• The reduction in caloric intake in the NUTRIOSE® group might be partly explained by a decreased hunger feeling and further make understandable the noted decreases observed in BW, BMI and BF. Be that as it may, this study has shown that the metabolic syndrome status of the volunteers is largely improved with NUTRIOSE®.

Conclusions:

• People who lost body fat also lost weight and Body Mass Index.
• Dietary intervention through NUTRIOSE® supplementation (17 g, twice daily) significantly modified hunger feeling and biological markers of metabolic syndrom, including body weight.
• This makes of NUTRIOSE® a promising tool for fortification of diets in fibers, but also for weight management and chronic metabolic disorders associated with overweight.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Tao T, Helga B, Roza A. Prevalence of overweight or obesity and obesity-related diseases in Qingdao region, China. Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2006; 1(2) : 76-86. 

2. Chen Y-M, Ho SC, Lam SSH, Chan SSG. Validity of body mass index and waist circumference in the classifi cation of obesity as compared to percent body fat in Chinese middle-aged women. Intenational Journal of Obesity, 2006, 30 : 918-925. 

3. van Den Heuvel EGHM, Wils D, Pasman WJ, Bakker M, Saniez MH, Kardinaal AFM. Short-term digestive tolerance of different doses of NUTRIOSE® FB, a food dextrin, in adult men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, 58 : 1046-1055. 

4. Pasman W, Wils D, Saniez MH, Kardinaal A. Long-term gastrointestinal tolerance of NUTRIOSE® FB in healthy men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006, 60 (8) : 1024-34 Epub 2006 Feb 15 

5. Lefranc-Millot C, Wils D, Neut C, Saniez MH. Effects of a soluble fi ber with excellent tolerance, NUTRIOSE® 06, on the gut ecosystem: a review. Dietary Fibre 2006, Helsinki, Finland, 12-14 June. 

6. van den Heuvel EGHM, Wils D, Pasman WJ, Saniez MH and Kardinaal AF. Dietary supplementation of different doses of NUTRIOSE® FB, a fermentable dextrin, alters the activity of faecal enzymes in healthy men. European Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 44: 445-451. 

7. Vermorel M, Coudray YC, Wils D, Sinaud S, Tressol JC, Montaurier C, Vernet J, Brandolini M, Bouteloup-Demange C and Rayssiguier Y. Energy value of a low-digestible carbohydrate, NUTRIOSE® FB, and its impact on magnesium, calcium and zinc apparent 

 absorption and retention in healthy young men. European Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 43: 344-352. 

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this document is to the best of our knowledge true and accurate but all instructions, recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee. Since the conditions of use are beyond our control, we disclaim any liability for loss and/or damage suffered from use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, no liability is accepted if use of any product in accordance with these data or suggestions infringes any patent. No part of this document may be reproduced by any process without our prior written permission. 

© Roquette Frères S.A. - 07/10 • 11th International Congress on Obesity (ICO 2010) - Stockholm (Sweden), 11-15 July, 2010.